Vacuum vessel



L HERRMANN VACUUM VESSEL F'lled OCT, 6, 1932 out chemical reactions.

'i6 in a Lenard tube.

earner ortica VACUUM VESSEL Ludwig Hermann, Frankfort-on-theMain, Gex'- many, assigner to Kurt Adamcaicir and Willy List, Frankierten-thaw, Germany Application lctooer 6, E32, Serial No. A$36,'93

in Germany ctober 8,-931

(Cl. S50-275i Claims.

Vacuum tubes have already been proposed, in

' which both cathode rays and canal rays are directed towards a Window for the discharge of electrons. Such vacuum tubes serve for carrying If an air current is conducted adjacent to the outer side of the window, nitrogen compounds form therein. The nature of the reaction thereby taking place has not yet been explained. r'he window is like the window Consequently, electrons pass therethrough. The importance of the canal rays striking against the window has not yet been 'scientificially explained. Et may be, that the canal rays cause the production of secondary rays i5 which are important for the chemical reactions.

In any case, it is necessary to direct canal rays, besides cathode rays, towards the Lenard window, as-only then will the reactions take place. `For these reactions the presence of Rntgen rays are probably also important. Rntgen rays are produced in the vacuum tube owing to the high potentials on the electrodes, Without it being necessary to provide special equipments therefor. These Rntgen rays pass through the metal foil,

forming the Window of the vessel, into the reaction chamber and can there exert a certain iniluence on the reaction taking place.

The'vacuum tubes hitherto proposed, in which both the cathode rays and the canal rays are 39 directed against a Window for the discharge of electrons, are of very complicated construction and extremely difficult to manufacture. The invention relates to a vacuum. tube of the type in question and especially solves. the problem of simplifying the construction and manufacture.

rIhe vacuum tube according to the invention is in the form of a long tube, in the middle portion of which a perforated cathode and a glowing cathode are arranged, whereas in the ends oi the tube anodes are provided, that anode directed towards the electron current emanating from the I glowing or incandescent cathode being of such shape, that the rays can strike onto the window situated behind this anode. The long tubular shape of the vacuum tube-enables the impression o high potentials without diculty. The spher- .ical vacuum tubes hitherto proposed were provided for this purpose with electrode leading-in extensions and as each electrode requires one leading-in extension, the tube is expensive to u tion or the tube according to the invention is n "if" l 5 f e d' #if illustrated in longitudinal section in the only figure of the accompanying drawing.

in the middle portion of the tube l a perforated cathode 2 and a glowing or incandescent cathode 3 are arranged; The glowing cathode 3 is surrounded by a cylinder 3a made of metal and consists of a. wire spiral coated with an alkaline earth metal oxide. The leading-in and leading-ofi of the heating current takes piace through an extension li. The heating current is supplied by a wire 5a and connected ofi by a wire 5b. An anode 5 provided with a known Water cooling arrangement l cooperates with the perforated cathode 2. An electron current passes from the cathode 2 to the anode and canal rays, that is, chiefly swarrns of positive ions, pass through the narrow passages consists or" a thin aluminum foil, which is arranged in front of a metal plate (not shown) perforated like a. sieve. The anode 8, directed towards the ilow of electrons emanating from the glowing cathode 3, must evidently be of such shape that the radiation can strike against the window 9 situated behind the anode 8. A hollow cylindrical shape has been found most' suitable for the anode 8. In order to make the anode 3 as v light as possible, it has rectangular apertures 3a.

The window carrier 9a. is provided with a cooling arrangement 9b for liquid, so as to prevent the window from being heated by the rays striking thereon to such an extent that itv melts. .A corresponding cooling arrangement ID is located in the middle portion o the tube at the point where the cathodes 2 and 3 are arranged. Cooling liquid, e. g. water, is fed to the cooling arrangements 9b and l0 through the tubes il and i2 respectively. Holes 13a, 13b serve `for* connecting the window carrier 9a with the bottom portion of the tubev i by meansoibolts (not shown). Corresponding apertures Ma, Mb serve for the connection of the upper tube part accommodating the anode S with `the lower tube part containing the anode 8. The lower-part of the tube is provided with an evacuating socket i5 for connecting to a pump. The cathode 2 has a ange-like root 2b which, ytogether with the cathode 2, forms a partition dividing the tube in such a manner,

that the upper -tube space ia and the iower tube space ib intercommunicate only through the ne 'passages is in the perforated cathode. This subdivision oi the tube causes a din'erence in pressure between the tube spaces ia and ib, when the tum is connected to the pump, owing to the considerable drop in pressure caused by the 2a. As the tube is connected to the pump-by means ci' the socket i5, the pressure in the tube space la is greater than in the tube space ib. The presence of a slightly higher presnire in the tube space ia increases the production of canal rays. The discharge paths are sia-rounded by the glass cyinders i6 and ita respectiveiy. The casings of the tube may be of metal.

Having now particularly described and ascertained the nature oi my said invention, and in what manner the same is to be performed, E deciare that what I ciaim is:

1. A vacuum tube for producing both cathode rays and canal rays and directing both said rays towards a Lenard window, the said vacuum tube having, in combination, a tubular member, a pierced cathode and an incandescent cathode mountm between the ends o said member, one anode being mounted on one and oi said member and another anode being mounted on the other end oi said member, and a Lenard window mounted on the end oi said member opposite to said incandescent cathode. Y

2.a vacuum tube ior producing both cathode rays and canal rays and directing both said rays onto a Lenard window adapted for the passage or electrons, the said vacuum tube having, in combination, two gas-discharge spaces both including means for the production or an eiectric discharge, and means ior leading canal rays from one ci said spaces to the other oi' said spaces, the vacuum in one o! said spaces being lower than the vacuum in the other of said spaces.

3. A vacuum tube for producing both cathode rays and canai rays and directing both said rays onto a Lenard window adapted for the passage of electrons, the said vacuum tube having, in combination, two gas-discharge spaces, one of said spaces containing an anode and a perforated cathode co-operating therewith, the other of said spaces accomodating an incandescent cathode and an anode oo-operating therewith, the vacnum in said latter space being lower than the vacuum in said first mentioned space, and the discharge space containing the incandescent Lenard cathode being provided with a window adapted ior the passage oi' cathode rays.

4. A vacuum tube i'or producing both cathode rays and canal rays and directing both said rays to a Lenard window adapted for the passage of cathode rays, the combination, a tubular member, a perforated cathode subdividing said inember into two discharge chambers, an anode in one oi said chambers co-operating with said periorated cathode, and an incandescent cathode mounted adjacent to said perforated cathode in the other of said chambers, said latter chamber containing an anode cti-operating with said incandescent cathode and being closed by a Lenard window adapted for the passage of cathode rays,

and the chamber containing the` incandescent cathode being provided with an evacuation pipe.

5. A vacuum tube for producing both cathode rays and canal rays and directing both said rays onto a Lenard window adapted for the passage ot electrons, the combination, a tubular member, a

2,058,002 pierced cathode and an incandescent cathode mounted substantially in the middie of said member, anodca arranged on both ends of said member, said pierced cathode subdividing said memf ber into two partitions that are connected 'with each other by the periorations o! said pierced cathode only, the partition accommodating the incandescent cathode being provided with an evacuation pipe, and a Lenard window adapted i'or the passage of cathode rays.

6. A vacuum tube for producing both cathode rays and canal rays and directing both said rays to a waard window ier the passage oi' cathode rays. the combination, a tubular member, a pierced cathode and an incandescent cathode mounted between the ends ci said member, anodes mounted opposite to each oi said cathodes, a ienard window for the passage of cathode rays mounted opposite to said incandescent cathode. means for cooling said Lenard window, and means for cooiing said tubular member, said iatter means being mounted substantially where the cathodea are provided.

7. A vacuum tube for producing both rays oi negative and positive electricity and directing both said rays to a Lenard Window adapted for the passage of cathode rays, the said vacuum tube, having in combination, a tubular member, a pierced cathode and an incandeent cathode mounted between the ends of said member, anodes mounted substantiaily on the ends of said member, and a Lenard window for the passage o1' cathode rays mounted opposite to said incandescent cathode, the anode mounted between said cathode and said Lenard window being cy1indricai.

i?. A vacuum tube comprising a tubular member, a pierced cathode and an incandescent cathode in the member between the ends thereof, and two anodes in the member disposed at the ends thereof, the tubular member having a Lener-d window at the end opposite to the incandescent cathode.

9. A vacuum tubeV producing cathode rays and canal rays for carrying out chemical reactions comprising a tubular bulb, a pierced cathode and an incandescent cathode mounted in the bulb between the ends thereof,- and two anodes in the bulb disposed at the ends thereof, the bulb having at the end opposite to the incandescent cathode a wail portion permeable for the radiation produced therein by the co-action of the cathode rays and canal rays. I

1D. A vacuum tube for producing both cathode rays and canal rays and directing both said rays onto the same portion of the wail of said tube, said portion being permeable for the radiation produced by the co-action o1' the cathode rays and canal rays, comprising, in combination, two gas-discharge chambers both including electrodes for the productionofl an electric discharge, said electrodes being mounted to produce cathode rays and canal rays of the same direction, and means permitting to dow one kind oi said rays from one of said chambers to the other, said ray-permeable wall portion o1' the tube being provided on the discharge chamber wherein both .kinds of rays are united, and the vacuum vin the cathode-ray-producing chamber being higher thanrthe vacuumin the canai-ray-producing chamber.

LUDWIG EERRMANN, 

